Tired of arguments and deadlocked deals? Learn the powerful, four-point framework of Principled Negotiation from the classic guide, Getting to Yes.
“Getting to Yes” outlines a method of negotiation called Principled Negotiation, or negotiation on the merits. This approach shifts the focus from winning a positional battle to achieving a mutually satisfactory outcome based on objective criteria. The authors, Roger Fisher and William Ury (and later Bruce Patton), propose that a good negotiation must produce a wise agreement efficiently and improve, or at least not damage, the relationship between the parties.
The book breaks Principled Negotiation down into four core components that guide negotiators toward successful outcomes:
1. Separate the People from the Problem
The authors emphasize that emotional, personality, and relationship issues often become tangled up with the substantive problem being negotiated.
- Be soft on the people, hard on the problem.
- Address the underlying emotions and perceptions of the other side.
- Focus on mutual understanding, not just communication. Acknowledge their feelings without necessarily agreeing with them.
2. Focus on Interests, Not Positions
A position is a stated demand – “I must have $50,000 for this car”. An interest is the underlying need, desire, or motivation behind that position – “I need a reliable car to get to my new job,” or “I need to sell this car quickly to afford my tuition”.
- Negotiation is often more productive when both parties share their interests, which can often be compatible even when their positions seem opposed.
- The goal is to find solutions that satisfy those deeper, shared or complementary interests.
3. Invent Options for Mutual Gain
Too often, negotiators assume the pie is fixed and that any gain for one party must mean a loss for the other. Principled Negotiation encourages brainstorming multiple solutions before deciding on any one of them.
- Broaden the options before narrowing the choice.
- Look for shared interests such as both want a long-term, stable relationship and complementary differences such as one party values time, the other values money.
- Search for win-win solutions, where both parties leave satisfied.
4. Insist on Using Objective Criteria
Decisions should be based on standards that are independent of the will of either side, making the outcome seem fair and legitimate.
- Criteria should be legitimate and practical, such as market value, expert opinion, custom, law, or scientific standards.
- Frame the process as a joint search for a fair solution based on objective standards, not a battle of wills.
The Decisive Alternative: BATNA
A key concept is the Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA). This is your safety net, the course of action you will take if the negotiation fails.
- Knowing your BATNA and working to improve it gives you power and confidence in the negotiation.
- You should never agree to a deal worse than your BATNA.
Which of the four principles “separating people from the problem”, “focusing on interests over positions”, “inventing options for mutual gains”, or “using objective criteria” do you think is the hardest to apply in a high-stakes negotiation, and why?

Leave a Reply